APLLE FOUNDER
Who Was Steve Jobs?
Steven Paul
Jobs was an American inventor, designer and entrepreneur who was the
co-founder, chief executive and chairman of Apple Computer. Apple's
revolutionary products, which include the iPod, iPhone and iPad, are now seen
as dictating the evolution of modern technology. Born in 1955 to two University
of Wisconsin graduate students who gave him up for adoption, Jobs was smart but
directionless, dropping out of college and experimenting with different
pursuits before co-founding Apple with Steve Wozniak in
1976. Jobs left the company in 1985, launching Pixar Animation Studios, then
returned to Apple more than a decade later. Jobs died in 2011 following a long
battle with pancreatic cancer.
Net Worth
In
2011, Forbes estimated the majority of Steve Jobs’ net worth
at around $6.5 billion to $7 billion from his sale of Pixar to the Walt Disney
Company in 2006. However if Jobs had not sold his Apple shares in 1985, when he
left the company he founded for over a decade, his net worth would have been a
staggering $36 billion.
Movies and Books on Steve Jobs
Several movies inspired by the computer icon's life have been released as
well — namely the critically panned Jobs (2013),
starring Ashton Kutcher, and Steve
Jobs (2015), starring Michael Fassbender and
directed by Danny Boyle.
A number of
books have also been written on Jobs' life and career, including an authorized
2011 general biography by Walter Isaacson. The book was critiqued for the depiction
of its main subject by Apple's chief executive Tim Cook, who
succeeded Jobs. Karen Blumenthal also wrote a 2012 young adult biography, and
Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli wrote 2015's Becoming Steve Jobs.
Steve Jobs’ Death and Last Words
Steve Jobs
died in Palo Alto on October 5, 2011, after battling pancreatic cancer for
nearly a decade. He was 56 years old.
In Mona
Simpson’s eulogy for Steve Jobs, his sister said Steve Jobs looked at his
sister Patty, kids and wife, then said his last words: “OH WOW. OH WOW. OH
WOW.”
Wife and Children
Steve Jobs
and Laurene Powell married on March 18, 1991. The pair met in the early 1990s
at Stanford business school, where Powell was an MBA student. They lived
together in Palo Alto, California, with their three children.
Although he
remained a private man who rarely disclosed information about his family, it is
known that Jobs fathered a daughter, Lisa, with girlfriend Chrisann Brennan
when he was 23. He denied paternity of his daughter in court documents,
claiming he was sterile. Chrisann struggled financially for much of her life,
and Jobs did not initiate a relationship with his daughter until she was seven
years old. When she was a teenager, Lisa came to live with her father.
When and Where Was Steve Jobs Born?
Steve Jobs
was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California.
Family and Early Life
Joanne
Schieble (later Joanne Simpson) and Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, two
University of Wisconsin graduate students, gave up their unnamed son, Steve
Jobs, for adoption. Jobs’ father, Jandali, was a Syrian political science
professor, and his mother, Schieble, worked as a speech therapist. Shortly
after Steve was placed for adoption, his biological parents married and had
another child, Mona Simpson. It was not until Jobs was 27 that he was able to
uncover information on his biological parents.
As an
infant, Jobs was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs and named Steven Paul Jobs.
Clara worked as an accountant and Paul was a Coast Guard veteran and machinist.
The family lived in Mountain View, California, within the area that would later
become known as Silicon Valley. As a boy, Jobs and his father worked on
electronics in the family garage. Paul showed his son how to take apart and
reconstruct electronics, a hobby that instilled confidence, tenacity and
mechanical prowess in young Jobs.
Education
While Jobs
was always an intelligent and innovative thinker, his youth was riddled with
frustrations over formal schooling. Jobs was a prankster in elementary school
due to boredom, and his fourth-grade teacher needed to bribe him to study. Jobs
tested so well, however, that administrators wanted to skip him ahead to high
school — a proposal that his parents declined.
After high
school, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Lacking direction,
he dropped out of college after six months and spent the next 18 months
dropping in on creative classes at the school. Jobs later recounted how one
course in calligraphy developed his love of typography.
In 1974,
Jobs took a position as a video game designer with Atari. Several months later
he left the company to find spiritual enlightenment in India, traveling further
and experimenting with psychedelic drugs.
Steve Wozniak
Back when
Jobs was enrolled at Homestead High School, he was introduced to his future
partner and co-founder of Apple Computer, Steve Wozniak, who was attending the
University of California, Berkeley.
In a 2007
interview with PC World, Wozniak spoke about why he and Jobs
clicked so well: "We both loved electronics and the way we used to hook up
digital chips," Wozniak said. "Very few people, especially back then,
had any idea what chips were, how they worked and what they could do. I had
designed many computers, so I was way ahead of him in electronics and computer
design, but we still had common interests. We both had pretty much sort of an
independent attitude about things in the world.”
Apple Computer
In 1976,
when Jobs was just 21, he and Steve Wozniak started Apple Computer in the Jobs’
family garage. They funded their entrepreneurial venture by Jobs selling his
Volkswagen bus and Wozniak selling his beloved scientific calculator. Jobs and
Wozniak are credited with revolutionizing the computer industry with Apple by
democratizing the technology and making machines smaller, cheaper, intuitive
and accessible to everyday consumers.
Wozniak
conceived of a series of user-friendly personal computers, and — with Jobs in
charge of marketing — Apple initially marketed the computers for $666.66 each.
The Apple I earned the corporation around $774,000. Three years after the
release of Apple's second model, the Apple II, the company's sales increased by
700 percent to $139 million.
In 1980,
Apple Computer became a publicly traded company, with a market value of $1.2
billion by the end of its very first day of trading. Jobs looked to marketing
expert John Sculley of
Pepsi-Cola to take over the role of CEO for Apple.
The next
several products from Apple suffered significant design flaws, however,
resulting in recalls and consumer disappointment. IBM suddenly surpassed Apple
in sales, and Apple had to compete with an IBM/PC-dominated business world.
In 1984,
Apple released the Macintosh, marketing the computer as a piece of a
counterculture lifestyle: romantic, youthful, creative. But despite positive
sales and performance superior to IBM's PCs, the Macintosh was still not
IBM-compatible. Sculley believed Jobs was hurting Apple, and the company's
executives began to phase him out. Not actually having had an official title
with the company he co-founded, Jobs was pushed into a more marginalized
position and thus left Apple in 1985.
Pixar
In 1986,
Jobs purchased an animation company from George Lucas, which
later became Pixar Animation Studios. Believing in Pixar's potential, Jobs
initially invested $50 million of his own money in the company. The studio went
on to produce wildly popular movies such as Toy Story, Finding
Nemo and The Incredibles; Pixar's films have
collectively netted $4 billion. The studio merged with Walt Disney in 2006,
making Steve Jobs Disney's largest shareholder.
Reinventing Apple
After
leaving Apple in 1985, Jobs began a new hardware and software enterprise called
NeXT, Inc. The company floundered in its attempts to sell its specialized
operating system to mainstream America, and Apple eventually bought the company
in 1996 for $429 million. In 1997, Jobs returned to his post as Apple's CEO.
Just as Jobs instigated Apple's success in the 1970s, he is credited with
revitalizing the company in the 1990s.
With a new
management team, altered stock options and a self-imposed annual salary of $1 a
year, Jobs put Apple back on track. Jobs’ ingenious products (like the iMac),
effective branding campaigns and stylish designs caught the attention of
consumers once again. In the ensuing years, Apple introduced such revolutionary
products as the Macbook Air, iPod and iPhone, all of which dictated the
evolution of technology. Almost immediately after Apple released a new product,
competitors scrambled to produce comparable technologies.
Apple's
quarterly reports improved significantly in 2007: Stocks were worth $199.99 a
share—a record-breaking number at that time — and the company boasted a
staggering $1.58 billion profit, an $18 billion surplus in the bank and zero
debt. In 2008, Apple became the second-biggest music retailer in America —
second only to Walmart, fueled by iTunes and iPod sales. Apple has also been
ranked No. 1 on Fortune magazine's list of "America's
Most Admired Companies," as well as No. 1 among Fortune 500 companies for
returns to shareholders.
Battle with Cancer
In 2003,
Jobs discovered that he had a neuroendocrine tumor, a rare but operable form of
pancreatic cancer. Instead of immediately opting for surgery, Jobs chose to
alter his pesco-vegetarian diet while weighing Eastern treatment options. For
nine months, Jobs postponed surgery, making Apple's board of directors nervous.
Executives feared that shareholders would pull their stock if word got out that
their CEO was ill. But in the end, Jobs' confidentiality took precedence over
shareholder disclosure. In 2004, he had a successful surgery to remove the
pancreatic tumor. True to form, in subsequent years Jobs disclosed little about
his health.
Early in
2009, reports circulated about Jobs' weight loss, some predicting his health
issues had returned, which included a liver transplant. Jobs responded to these
concerns by stating he was dealing with a hormone imbalance. Days later, he
went on a six-month leave of absence. In an e-mail message to employees, Jobs
said his "health-related issues are more complex" than he thought,
then named Tim Cook, Apple’s chief operating officer, as “responsible for
Apple's day-today operations."
After nearly a year out of the
spotlight, Steve Jobs delivered a keynote address at an invite-only Apple event
on September 9, 2009. He continued to serve as master of ceremonies, which
included the unveiling of the iPad, throughout much of 2010. However in January
2011, Jobs announced he was going on medical leave. In August, he resigned as
CEO of Apple, handing the reigns to Cook, and in October he passed away.
1. What tenses are used in the article?
The
article use simple past tense.
Karen
Blumenthal also wrote a 2012 young adult biography, and Brent
Schlender and Rick Tetzeli wrote 2015's Becoming Steve Jobs.
2. Restate one sentence in the article into
gerund / to + infinitive.
Several
months later he left the company to find spiritual enlightenment in
India, traveling further and experimenting with
psychedelic drugs.
To travel further and
experimenting with psychedelic drugs, several months later he left the company finding spiritual enlightenment in India.
3. Show a use of personal pronouns or
possesive pronouns or reflexive pronouns in the article.
They funded their entrepreneurial venture by Jobs selling his Volkswagen bus
and Wozniak selling his beloved scientific calculator.
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